CW160: Grant Takes Command

Ulysses S. Grant: The Architect of Victory

In the crucible of the Civil War, amidst the chaos and carnage of battle, emerged a leader whose strategic brilliance and unwavering resolve would change the course of history. That leader was Ulysses S. Grant, whose military leadership from 1864 to 1877 not only secured the Union’s triumph but also laid the foundation for the nation’s reconstruction and reconciliation (Part 1 about US Grant).

Taking Command:

In March 1864, as the Civil War entered its critical phase, Ulysses S. Grant assumed command of all Union armies, a momentous responsibility that would test his mettle as a leader and strategist. Grant’s bold and relentless pursuit of victory earned him the nickname “Unconditional Surrender” Grant, a testament to his uncompromising commitment to achieving the Union’s ultimate triumph.

Grant’s Views on Military Occupation:

As the war drew to a close, Grant recognized the need for a comprehensive strategy to rebuild and reunify the shattered nation. His views on military occupation of the South were characterized by pragmatism and compassion. Understanding the complexities of post-war reconstruction, Grant advocated for a measured approach that balanced the need for stability with the imperative of fostering reconciliation.

Suggested Reading: “Grant” by Ron Chernow

Issuing of Field Orders:

One of Grant’s most significant contributions to post-war reconstruction was the issuance of field orders aimed at restoring social order and promoting reconciliation. Through initiatives such as the Freedmen’s Bureau and the Civil Rights Act of 1866, Grant sought to protect the rights and liberties of newly emancipated slaves while laying the groundwork for a more inclusive and equitable society.

Dealing with Occupied Mexico:

In the aftermath of the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant faced the challenge of addressing the turbulent relationship between the United States and Mexico. Recognizing the strategic importance of stability in the region, Grant pursued a policy of diplomatic engagement and economic cooperation, seeking to foster mutual understanding and partnership between the two nations.

Legacy:

Ulysses S. Grant’s military leadership from 1864 to 1868 not only secured the Union’s victory in the Civil War but also laid the groundwork for the nation’s reconstruction and reconciliation. Through his vision, determination, and compassion, Grant helped to heal the wounds of war and forge a more perfect union founded on the principles of freedom, equality, and justice for all.

In conclusion, Ulysses S. Grant’s legacy as a military leader and statesman continues to inspire and resonate to this day. As we reflect on his contributions to American history, let us honor his memory by upholding the values of unity, resilience, and perseverance that he embodied throughout his remarkable life.

Classroom Activity Ideas

Military Leadership Analysis:
- Divide students into small groups and assign each group a specific military campaign or battle led by Grant during the Civil War, such as the Vicksburg Campaign or the Siege of Petersburg.
- Have students research and analyze Grant’s strategies, tactics, and leadership qualities during their assigned campaign or battle.
- Encourage students to create presentations or multimedia projects showcasing their findings, including maps, primary source documents, and illustrations.
Presidential Achievements Timeline:
- Provide students with a timeline of significant events and accomplishments during Grant’s presidency, such as the passage of the 15th Amendment and the enforcement of civil rights legislation.
- Ask students to research each event in more detail, focusing on its historical context, impact, and relevance to Grant’s presidency.
- Have students create a visual timeline or infographic highlighting Grant’s achievements as president, with brief explanations of each event and its significance.
Debates on Reconstruction Policies:
- Organize a classroom debate on the effectiveness of Grant’s Reconstruction policies, such as his support for civil rights legislation and efforts to combat the Ku Klux Klan.
- Divide students into teams representing different perspectives, such as Northern Republicans, Southern Democrats, and African American activists.
- Encourage students to research and prepare arguments supporting their assigned positions, citing historical evidence and primary sources to support their claims.

(Resource links and suggested readings are provided below to deepen understanding and encourage further exploration of Grant’s leadership and his role in shaping post-Civil War America.)

Resource Links:

Ulysses S. Grant – National Park Service: Link
Ulysses S. Grant – Library of Congress: Link